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Romano-British farmstead 350m south of Rattenraw Farm

Listed on the National Heritage List for England. Search over 400,000 listed places

Overview

Heritage Category:: Scheduled Monument
List Entry Number:: 1009372
Date first listed:: 21-Aug-1994

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Official list entry

Heritage Category:: Scheduled Monument
List Entry Number:: 1009372
Date first listed:: 21-Aug-1994

Location

The building or site itself may lie within the boundary of more than one authority.

District:: Northumberland (Unitary Authority)
Parish:: Rochester
National Park:: NORTHUMBERLAND
National Grid Reference:: NY 85128 94825

Reasons for Designation

In Cumbria and Northumberland several distinctive types of native settlements dating to the Roman period have been identified. The majority were small, non- defensive, enclosed homesteads or farms. In many areas they were of stone construction, although in the coastal lowlands timber-built variants were also common. In much of Northumberland, especially in the Cheviots, the enclosures were curvilinear in form. Further south a rectangular form was more common. Elsewhere, especially near the Scottish border, another type occurs where the settlement enclosure was `scooped' into the hillslope. Frequently the enclosures reveal a regularity and similarity of internal layout. The standard layout included one or more stone round-houses situated towards the rear of the enclosure, facing the single entranceway. In front of the houses were pathways and small enclosed yards. Homesteads normally had only one or two houses, but larger enclosures could contain as many as six. At some sites the settlement appears to have grown, often with houses spilling out of the main enclosure and clustered around it. At these sites up to 30 houses may be found. In the Cumbrian uplands the settlements were of less regimented form and unenclosed clusters of houses of broadly contemporary date are also known. These homesteads were being constructed and used by non-Roman natives throughout the period of the Roman occupation. Their origins lie in settlement forms developed before the arrival of the Romans. These homesteads are common throughout the uplands where they frequently survive as well-preserved earthworks. In lowland coastal areas they were also originally common, although there they can frequently only be located through aerial photography. All homestead sites which survive substantially intact will normally be identified as nationally important.

The farmstead at Rattenraw is reasonably well preserved and retains significant archaeological deposits. It is one of a group of similar Romano- British settlements in the area and will contribute to any study of the settlement pattern at this time.

Details

The monument includes the remains of a farmstead of Romano-British date situated on gently sloping east facing moorland. The farmstead, sub- rectangular in shape, measures a maximum of 43m east to west by 40m north to south within a bank of stone and earth 1.5m-2m wide and a maximum height of 0.5m above the exterior ground level. The enclosure walls are best preserved on the south and west sides; those on the east and north have been partially robbed of stone. There is an entrance 3m wide in the south east side enclosure. Within the enclosure a sunken yard, placed on the eastern side of the entrance, is visible as a large rectangular depression. The sunken yard placed on the western side of the entrance has been disturbed by later quarrying. Facing onto these yards, at the rear of the enclosure, there are the remains of up to seven stone-founded houses ranging in size from 5m to 10m in diameter. It is thought that those houses placed against the north wall of the enclosure indicate that the settlement expanded in size during its occupation.

MAP EXTRACT The site of the monument is shown on the attached map extract. It includes a 2 metre boundary around the archaeological features, considered to be essential for the monument's support and preservation.

Legacy

The contents of this record have been generated from a legacy data system.

Legacy System number:: 25084
Legacy System:: RSM

Sources

Books and journals
Charlton, D B, Day, J C, 'Archaeologia Aeliana 5 ser 6' in Excavation and Field Survey in Upper Redesdale, (1978), 78
Charlton, D B, Day, J C, 'Archaeologia Aeliana 5 ser 6' in Excavation and Field Survey in Upper Redesdale, (1978), 77
Other
NY 89 SE 35,

Legal

This monument is scheduled under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 as amended as it appears to the Secretary of State to be of national importance. This entry is a copy, the original is held by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport.