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Cross dyke on Upwaltham Hill, 500m and 620m south east of Upwaltham Farm

Listed on the National Heritage List for England. Search over 400,000 listed places

Overview

Heritage Category:: Scheduled Monument
List Entry Number:: 1018060
Date first listed:: 28-Apr-1998

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Official list entry

Heritage Category:: Scheduled Monument
List Entry Number:: 1018060
Date first listed:: 28-Apr-1998

Location

The building or site itself may lie within the boundary of more than one authority.

County:: West Sussex
District:: Chichester (District Authority)
Parish:: Duncton
County:: West Sussex
District:: Chichester (District Authority)
Parish:: Upwaltham
National Park:: SOUTH DOWNS
National Grid Reference:: SU 94645 13334, SU 94870 13446

Reasons for Designation

Cross dykes are substantial linear earthworks typically between 0.2km and 1km long and comprising one or more ditches arranged beside and parallel to one or more banks. They generally occur in upland situations, running across ridges and spurs. They are recognised as earthworks or as cropmarks on aerial photographs, or as combinations of both. The evidence of excavation and analogy with associated monuments demonstrates that their construction spans the millennium from the Middle Bronze Age, although they may have been re-used later. Current information favours the view that they were used as territorial boundary markers, probably demarcating land allotment within communities, although they may also have been used as trackways, cattle droveways or defensive earthworks. Cross dykes are one of the few monument types which illustrate how land was divided up in the prehistoric period. They are of considerable importance for any analysis of settlement and land use in the Bronze Age. Very few have survived to the present day and hence all well- preserved examples are considered to be of national importance.

This cross dyke on Upwaltham Hill survives comparatively well, despite some subsequent disturbance, and will contain archaeological remains and environmental evidence relating to the monument and the landscape in which it was constructed. The cross dyke forms part of a dispersed group of broadly contemporary monuments situated along the ridge, providing evidence for the relationship between burial practices, settlement and land division in this area of downland during the later prehistoric period.

Details

The monument, which falls into two separate areas, includes the western and eastern sections of a south west-north east aligned cross dyke constructed across a chalk spur which projects to the north west from a ridge of the Sussex Downs. The 318m long cross dyke has a ditch up to 3.5m wide and 0.3m deep, flanked to the north east by a bank up to 5.5m wide and 0.3m high. Across the centre of the dyke, an approximately 190m long section of the earthworks has been completely levelled and any surviving buried features disturbed by past modern ploughing; this area is therefore not included in the scheduling. The earthworks gradually fade out at each end as the ground slopes away. The modern fences which cross the monument are excluded from the scheduling, although the ground beneath them is included.

MAP EXTRACT The site of the monument is shown on the attached map extract. It includes a 2 metre boundary around the archaeological features, considered to be essential for the monument's support and preservation.

Legacy

The contents of this record have been generated from a legacy data system.

Legacy System number:: 31208
Legacy System:: RSM

Legal

This monument is scheduled under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 as amended as it appears to the Secretary of State to be of national importance. This entry is a copy, the original is held by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport.