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Pain's Farm bowl barrow 30m south of Pain's Farm Cottages

Listed on the National Heritage List for England. Search over 400,000 listed places

Overview

Heritage Category:: Scheduled Monument
List Entry Number:: 1008491
Date first listed:: 22-Mar-1949

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Official list entry

Heritage Category:: Scheduled Monument
List Entry Number:: 1008491
Date first listed:: 22-Mar-1949
Date of most recent amendment:: 14-Apr-1994

Location

The building or site itself may lie within the boundary of more than one authority.

County:: Oxfordshire
District:: West Oxfordshire (District Authority)
Parish:: Swinbrook and Widford
National Grid Reference:: SP 28083 13317

Reasons for Designation

Bowl barrows, the most numerous form of round barrow, are funerary monuments dating from the Late Neolithic period to the Late Bronze Age, with most examples belonging to the period 2400-1500 BC. They were constructed as earthen or rubble mounds, sometimes ditched, which covered single or multiple burials. They occur either in isolation or grouped as cemeteries and often acted as a focus for burials in later periods. Often superficially similar, although differing widely in size, they exhibit regional variations in form and a diversity of burial practices. There are over 10,000 surviving bowl barrows recorded nationally (many more have already been destroyed), occurring across most of lowland Britain. Often occupying prominent locations, they are a major historic element in the modern landscape and their considerable variation of form and longevity as a monument type provide important information on the diversity of beliefs and social organisations amongst early prehistoric communities. They are particularly representative of their period and a substantial proportion of surviving examples are considered worthy of protection.

The bowl barrow 30m south of Pain's Farm Cottages survives to its original height and its surrounding quarry ditch, although infilled, is clearly visible as a soilmark at ground level and on aerial photographs. It does not appear to have been excavated and will contain archaeological and environmental evidence relating to its construction and the landscape in which it was built.

Details

The monument includes a Bronze Age bowl barrow 30m south of Pain's Farm Cottages, situated on a gentle south-facing slope, overlooking the River Swinbrook. The barrow mound survives as a visible stone and earth mound measuring 16m in diameter and standing up to 2m high. Its original extent is shown by the partially reduced spread of stone around its base which has a diameter of 26m. This mound is surrounded by a quarry ditch from which material was obtained during its construction. This has become infilled over the years but can be seen as a darker ring of soil 5m wide around the mound, visible on aerial photographs, indicating that it survives as a buried feature. The barrow is shown on an Estate map of 1815 when it was situated in a then much larger Faws Grove within Wychwood Forest. Excluded from the scheduling is the post and wire fence around the base of the upstanding mound, although the ground beneath is included.

MAP EXTRACT The site of the monument is shown on the attached map extract. It includes a 2 metre boundary around the archaeological features, considered to be essential for the monument's support and preservation.

Legacy

The contents of this record have been generated from a legacy data system.

Legacy System number:: 21786
Legacy System:: RSM

Sources

Books and journals
Mudd, A, Round Barrows of the Oxfordshire Cotswolds, (1983)
Other
Discussion of landuse on site, JEFFERY, P.P., DISCUSSION WITH ESTATE MANAGER MR MATHEWS, (1993)
Observations with A.J. SCHOFIELD IAM, JEFFERY, P.P., On Site Discussion, (1993)
R.C.H.M.(E),
Sketch attached to SM 21786 File, Jeffery, PP, INTERPRETATION OF REMAINS, (1993)
SP 21 SE 15, Ordnance Survey, Bowl Barrow, (1976)
Title: Cornbury Park and Wychwood Forest Estate Map Source Date: 1815 Author: Publisher: Surveyor: Kept at Park Office & County Records

Legal

This monument is scheduled under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 as amended as it appears to the Secretary of State to be of national importance. This entry is a copy, the original is held by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport.