Reasons for Designation
A small number of areas in southern England appear to have acted as foci for
ceremonial and ritual activity during the Neolithic and Bronze Age periods.
Two of the best known and earliest recognised areas are around Avebury and
Stonehenge, now jointly designated as a World Heritage Site.
The area of chalk downland which surrounds Stonehenge contains one of the
densest and most varied groups of Neolithic and Bronze Age field monuments in
Britain. Included within the area are Stonehenge itself, the Stonehenge
cursus, the Durrington Walls henge, and a variety of burial monuments, many
grouped into cemeteries.
The area has been the subject of archaeological research since the 18th
century when Stukeley recorded many of the monuments and partially excavated a
number of the burial mounds. More recently, the collection of artefacts from
the surfaces of ploughed fields has supplemented the evidence for ritual and
burial by revealing the intensity of contemporary settlement and land-use. In
view of the importance of the area, all ceremonial and sepulchral monuments of
this period which retain significant archaeological remains are identified as
nationally important.
Round barrow cemeteries date to the Bronze Age (2000-700 BC). They comprise
closely spaced groups of up to 30 round barrows - rubble or earthen mounds
covering single or multiple burials. Most cemeteries developed over a
considerable period of time, often many centuries, and in some cases acted as
a focus for burials as late as the early medieval period. They exhibit
considerable diversity of burial rite, plan and form, frequently including
several different types of round barrow and occasionally associated with
earlier long barrows. Where investigation beyond the round barrows has
occurred, contemporary or later 'flat' burials between the barrow mounds have
often been revealed. Round barrow cemeteries occur across most of lowland
England with a marked concentration in Wessex. In some cases they are
clustered around other important contemporary monuments, as is the case both
here and at Avebury. Often occupying prominent positions, they are a major
historic element in the modern landscape, while their diversity and their
longevity as a monument type provide important information on the variety of
beliefs and social organisation amongst early prehistoric communities.
Bowl barrows, the most numerous form of round barrow, are funerary monuments
dating from the Late Neolithic period to the Late Bronze Age. They were
constructed as earthen or rubble mounds, normally ditched, which covered
single or multiple burials. Often superficially similar, although differing
widely in size, they exhibit regional variations in form and a variety of
burial practices. The burials, either inhumations or cremations, are
sometimes accompanied by pottery vessels, tools and personal ornaments. There
are over 10,000 surviving bowl barrows recorded nationally and at least 320 in
the Stonehenge area.
The bowl barrow in Normanton Gorse forms an integral part of the Normanton
Down round barrow cemetery, which is an outstanding example of its class.
Partial excavation has shown that this barrow contains archaeological remains
and environmental evidence relating to the monument and the landscape in which
it was constructed.
Details
The monument includes a bowl barrow forming part of the Normanton Down round
barrow cemetery, situated in Normanton Gorse, in and around the garden of the
former Keeper's Cottage. Prior to the establishment of the plantation the
location had extensive views to the south across Wilsford Down, and to the
north across Stonehenge and the Cursus. The Normanton Down round barrow
cemetery consists of 28 round barrows in all, including 17 bowl barrows, seven
disc barrows, three bell barrows and a saucer barrow. Near the centre of the
cemetery is a Neolithic long barrow.
The barrow mound is now difficult to identify on the ground, but is
represented on the OS 25inch map of 1901 from which it is calculated to be 22m
in diameter. It is surrounded by a ditch which is also difficult to identify,
but is calculated to be c.2m wide, giving an overall diameter of 26m. Partial
excavation in the 19th century revealed a primary inhumation with a beaker,
and two secondary inhumations, one with a beaker.
The foundations are all that remain of Keeper's Cottage. These and the
associated shed as well as all fence posts are excluded from the scheduling,
but the ground beneath these features is included.
MAP EXTRACT
The site of the monument is shown on the attached map extract.
It includes a 2 metre boundary around the archaeological features,
considered to be essential for the monument's support and preservation.
