Reasons for Designation
Offa's Dyke is the longest linear earthwork in Britain, approximately 220km,
running from Treuddyn, near Mold, to Sedbury on the Severn estuary. It was
constructed towards the end of the eighth century AD by the Mercian king Offa,
and is believed to have formed a long-lived territorial, and possibly
defensive, boundary between the Saxon kingdom of Mercia and the Welsh
kingdoms.
The Dyke is not continuous and consists of a number of discrete lengths
separated by gaps of up to 23km. It is clear from the nature of certain
sections that differences in the scale and character of adjoining portions
were the result of separate gangs being employed on different lengths. Where
possible, natural topographic features such as slopes or rivers were utilised,
and the form of Offa's Dyke is therefore clearly related to the topography.
Along most of its length it consists of a bank with a ditch to the west.
Excavation has indicated that at least some lengths of the bank had a vertical
outer face of either laid stonework or turf revetment. The ditch generally
seems to have been used to provide most of the bank material, although there
is also evidence in some locations of shallow quarries. In places, a berm
divides the bank and ditch, and a counterscarp bank may be present on the lip
of the ditch.
Offa's Dyke now survives in various states of preservation in the form of
earthworks and, where sections have been levelled and infilled, as buried
features. Although some sections of the frontier system no longer survive
visibly, sufficient evidence does exist for its position to be accurately
identified throughout most of its length. In view of its contribution towards
the study of early medieval territorial patterns, all sections of Offa's Dyke
exhibiting significant archaeological remains are considered worthy of
protection.
The section of Offa's Dyke 220m east of Upfield House survives well. The
bank will have preserved part of the original ground surface, predating
the construction of the Dyke, and along with the quarries to the east will
contain environmental evidence in the form of organic remains which will
relate both to the Dyke and to the landscape within which it was constructed.
The bank will also contain evidence relating to the methods of contruction and
the building materials used.
Details
The monument includes the buried and earthwork remains of Offa's Dyke
220m east of Upfield House. Offa's Dyke generally consists of a bank up
to 3.5m high with an intermittent ditch to the west and quarry pits to the
east. In places Offa's Dyke was strengthened by additional earthworks,
namely a berm between the bank and ditch, and a counterscarp bank on the
western lip of the ditch.
This 156m long section of the Dyke is visible as a bank with quarry pits to
the east. The bank is approximately 8m wide at its base and stands to a height
of 0.6m on its western face and 1.2m on its eastern face. At the northern end
of the section a modern trackway runs along the western face of the bank,
altering its profile. The quarries to the east cover an area 3m to 5m wide and
0.3m deep.
All wooden fence posts and stone walls are excluded from the scheduling,
although the ground beneath these features is included.
MAP EXTRACT
The site of the monument is shown on the attached map extract.
