Enclosure 1/4 mile (400m) N of Hill Farm

Listed on the National Heritage List for England. Search over 400,000 listed places

Overview

Heritage Category:: Scheduled Monument
List Entry Number:: 1007205
Date first listed:: 26-Nov-1965

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Official list entry

Heritage Category:: Scheduled Monument
List Entry Number:: 1007205
Date first listed:: 26-Nov-1965

Location

The building or site itself may lie within the boundary of more than one authority.

District:: Cumberland (Unitary Authority)
Parish:: Crosscanonby
National Grid Reference:: NY 07210 39534

Summary

Settlement enclosure, 450m NNE of Hill Farm.

Reasons for Designation

During the earlier Iron Age (seventh to fifth centuries BC) a variety of different types of defensive settlements began to be constructed and occupied in the northern uplands of England. The most obvious sites were hillforts built in prominent locations. In addition to these a range of smaller sites, sometimes with an enclosed area of less than 1ha and defined as defended settlements, were also constructed. Some of these were located on hilltops, others are found in less prominent positions. The enclosing defences were of earthen construction, some sites having a single bank and ditch (univallate), others having more than one (multivallate). At some sites these earthen ramparts represent a second phase of defence, the first having been a timber fence or palisade. Within the enclosure a number of stone or timber-built round houses were occupied by the inhabitants. Stock may also have been kept in these houses, especially during the cold winter months, or in enclosed yards outside them. The communities occupying these sites were probably single family groups, the defended settlements being used as farmsteads. Construction and use of this type of site extended over several centuries, possibly through to the early Romano-British period (mid to late first century AD). Defended settlements are a rare monument type. They were an important element of the later prehistoric settlement pattern of the northern uplands and are important for any study of the developing use of fortified settlements during this period.

The settlement enclosure 450m NNE of Hill Farm is preserved as an earthwork and is representative of its period. The monument will contain archaeological deposits relating to its construction, use and abandonment within below ground features such as pits and ditches and within any remaining upstanding features. The monument provides insight into the character of settlement during the Iron Age period and its value is increased by its presence within a landscape littered with archaeological monuments dating from the prehistoric to the post-medieval period. The great majority of these sites relate to the Iron Age and the Romano-British periods and include the Roman military defences of the Cumbrian coast. Taken together these monuments provide an excellent resource for understanding the significant socio-political changes that occurred during the Roman occupation of Britain.

History

See Details.

Details

This record was the subject of a minor enhancement on 01 March 2016. This record has been generated from an "old county number" (OCN) scheduling record. These are monuments that were not reviewed under the Monuments Protection Programme and are some of our oldest designation records.

The monument includes the remains of a settlement enclosure of Iron Age date, situated on a slight rise on low lying ground close to Allonby Bay. The sub-rectangular enclosure, which is preserved as a cropmark, has rounded corners. It measures approximately 96m by 81m and is surrounded by a ditch.

Legacy

The contents of this record have been generated from a legacy data system.

Legacy System number:: CU 173
Legacy System:: RSM - OCN

Sources

Other
PastScape Monument No:- 8982, 1466731

Legal

This monument is scheduled under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 as amended as it appears to the Secretary of State to be of national importance. This entry is a copy, the original is held by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport.