Reasons for Designation
Bastles are small thick-walled farmhouses in which the living quarters are
situated above a ground floor byre. The vast majority are simple rectangular
buildings with the byre entrance typically placed in one gable end, an upper
door in the side wall, small stoutly-barred windows and few architectural
features or details. Some have stone barrel vaults to the basement but the
majority had a first floor of heavy timber beams carrying stone slabs. The
great majority of bastles are solitary rural buildings, although a few
nucleated settlements with more than one bastle are also known. Most bastles
were constructed between about 1575 and 1650, although earlier and later
examples are also known. They were occupied by middle-rank farmers. Bastles
are confined to the northern border counties of England, in Cumbria,
Northumberland and Durham. The need for such strongly defended farmsteads can
be related to the troubled social conditions in these border areas during the
later Middle Ages. Less than 300 bastles are known to survive, of which a
large number have been significantly modified by their continuing use as
domestic or other buildings. All surviving bastles which retain significant
original remains will normally be identified as nationally important.
Details
The monument includes the remains of a bastle, a form of defended medieval
farmhouse, situated on a west facing slope of moorland with extensive views of
Redesdale to the north, west and south. The structure, composed of roughly
hewn stone is rectangular in shape and measures 13m by 6.5m externally with
walls 1.2m thick. The gables of the bastle stand to full height but the upper
courses of the front and back walls have fallen and the bastle is roofless. An
original ground floor entrance, placed rather unusually in the front wall
rather than the usual gable end, remains intact with a lintel and two drawbar
tunnels. Immediately in front of the doorway there are the remains of a porch
structure with an outer doorway showing features similar to those of the inner
door. It is thought that this structure either contained or carried a stairway
to the upper storey living area. The basement of the bastle is furnished with
several narrow slit windows, two in the north wall and one in each of the
other three walls and there are traces of a support for a first floor
fireplace. At first floor level, two wall cupboards are visible in the western
gable and one in the east. Socket holes for timbers in the east wall suggest
that there was an attic above the first floor. Attached to the east wall of
the bastle there are the foundations of a smaller rectangular building
measuring 7m by 5.5m; this structure is clearly later than the bastle. The
bastle is a grade II Listed Building.
Legacy
The contents of this record have been generated from a legacy data system.
Legacy System number:
25042
Legacy System:
RSM
Sources
Books and journals
Legal
This monument is scheduled under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 as amended as it appears to the Secretary of State to be of national importance. This entry is a copy, the original is held by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport.
End of official list entry
