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Romano-British farmstead, 120m south west of Cat's Elbow

Listed on the National Heritage List for England. Search over 400,000 listed places

Overview

Heritage Category:: Scheduled Monument
List Entry Number:: 1008662
Date first listed:: 20-Jul-1994

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Official list entry

Heritage Category:: Scheduled Monument
List Entry Number:: 1008662
Date first listed:: 20-Jul-1994

Location

The building or site itself may lie within the boundary of more than one authority.

District:: Northumberland (Unitary Authority)
Parish:: Chollerton
National Grid Reference:: NY 92907 75332

Reasons for Designation

In Cumbria and Northumberland several distinctive types of native settlements dating to the Roman period have been identified. The majority were small, non- defensive, enclosed homesteads or farms. In many areas they were of stone construction, although in the coastal lowlands timber-built variants were also common. In much of Northumberland, especially in the Cheviots, the enclosures were curvilinear in form. Further south a rectangular form was more common. Elsewhere, especially near the Scottish border, another type occurs where the settlement enclosure was `scooped' into the hillslope. Frequently the enclosures reveal a regularity and similarity of internal layout. The standard layout included one or more stone round-houses situated towards the rear of the enclosure, facing the single entranceway. In front of the houses were pathways and small enclosed yards. Homesteads normally had only one or two houses, but larger enclosures could contain as many as six. At some sites the settlement appears to have grown, often with houses spilling out of the main enclosure and clustered around it. At these sites up to 30 houses may be found. In the Cumbrian uplands the settlements were of less regimented form and unenclosed clusters of houses of broadly contemporary date are also known. These homesteads were being constructed and used by non-Roman natives throughout the period of the Roman occupation. Their origins lie in settlement forms developed before the arrival of the Romans. These homesteads are common throughout the uplands where they frequently survive as well-preserved earthworks. In lowland coastal areas they were also originally common, although there they can frequently only be located through aerial photography. All homestead sites which survive substantially intact will normally be identified as nationally important.

This site at Cat's Elbow is well preserved and is a good example of a small farmstead. It is one of a group of similar settlements in this area and will contribute to study of the wider settlement pattern at this time.

Details

The monument includes a farmstead of Romano-British date situated on a slight rise in an area of rough grassland. The sub-rectangular farmstead is orientated north west to south east and measures a maximum of 50m by 32m within a stone and earth rampart. The rampart is well-preserved and on average is 2.5m broad and 0.5m high. There are breaks in it in the north, east and west sides, but these may not all be original entrances. The western rampart has been reused as a field boundary at a later date; this sinuous boundary runs away from the enclosure in a north easterly direction. Within the farmstead, there are the foundations of three circular houses and two scooped yard areas.

MAP EXTRACT The site of the monument is shown on the attached map extract.

Legacy

The contents of this record have been generated from a legacy data system.

Legacy System number:: 20958
Legacy System:: RSM

Sources

Books and journals
Jobey, G, 'Archaeologia Aeliana' in Hill Forts and Settlements in Northumberland, (1965)

Legal

This monument is scheduled under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 as amended as it appears to the Secretary of State to be of national importance. This entry is a copy, the original is held by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport.