A cairn and a carved rock on a prominent knoll, south of the road from Barningham to East Hope, 690m WSW of Haythwaite, Barningham Moor

Listed on the National Heritage List for England. Search over 400,000 listed places

Overview

Heritage Category:: Scheduled Monument
List Entry Number:: 1017413
Date first listed:: 24-Oct-1997

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Official list entry

Heritage Category:: Scheduled Monument
List Entry Number:: 1017413
Date first listed:: 24-Oct-1997

Location

The building or site itself may lie within the boundary of more than one authority.

District:: County Durham (Unitary Authority)
Parish:: Barningham
National Grid Reference:: NZ 05092 08877

Reasons for Designation

Round cairns are prehistoric funerary monuments dating to the Bronze Age (c.2000-700 BC). They were constructed as stone mounds covering single or multiple burials. These burials may be placed within the mound in stone-lined compartments called cists. In some cases the cairn was surrounded by a ditch. Often occupying prominent locations, cairns are a major visual element in the modern landscape. They are a relatively common feature of the uplands and are the stone equivalent of the earthen round barrows of the lowlands. Their considerable variation in form and longevity as a monument type provide important information on the diversity of beliefs and social organisation amongst early prehistoric communities. They are particularly representative of their period and a substantial proportion of surviving examples are considered worthy of protection.

Prehistoric rock carving is found on natural boulders and rock outcrops in many areas of upland Britain. It is especially common in the north of England in Northumberland, Durham, and North and West Yorkshire. The most common form of decoration is the `cup' marking, where small cup-like hollows are worked into the surface of the rock. These cups may be surrounded by one or more `rings'. Single pecked lines extending from the cup through the rings may also exist, providing the design with a `tail'. Other shapes and patterns also occur but are less frequent. Carvings may occur singly, in small groups, or may cover extensive areas of rock surface. They date to the Late Neolithic and Bronze Age periods (2800-c.500 BC) and provide one of our most important insights into prehistoric `art'. The exact meaning of the designs remains unknown, but they may be interpreted as sacred or religious symbols. All positively identified prehistoric rock carvings sites will normally be identified as nationally important. The carved rock and cairn 690m WSW of Haythwaite form part of a wider group of carved rocks and other archaeological remains of prehistoric date on Barningham Moor. The carving on the rock survives well. Although the cairn has been slightly disturbed by stone-robbing, it retains evidence of its form and location. It also forms an important part of the context of the carved rock.

Details

The monument includes a grass covered stone cairn 5m in diameter, and a carved rock which is in the north east side of the cairn. It is situated on Barningham Moor, in the modern sheep grazing enclosure known as Scale Knoll Allotment. The knoll on which the monument is situated is the second knoll from the east in a line of four prominent knolls of glacial origin. The cairn has been slightly disturbed by stone robbing; it stands to a height of 0.4m. The carved rock is visible in the northeast edge of the cairn, and is partly covered in vegetation. It is not possible to establish whether the carved rock is part of the cairn material or if it predates the cairn. The visible part of the rock measures 0.6m by 0.45m by 0.05m. The carving is in particularly good condition and consists of one cup with a partial ring.

MAP EXTRACT The site of the monument is shown on the attached map extract. It includes a 2 metre boundary around the archaeological features, considered to be essential for the monument's support and preservation.

Legacy

The contents of this record have been generated from a legacy data system.

Legacy System number:: 30464
Legacy System:: RSM

Sources

Other
Beckensall, (1997)

Legal

This monument is scheduled under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 as amended as it appears to the Secretary of State to be of national importance. This entry is a copy, the original is held by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport.