Summary
Assembly Rooms, constructed between 1776 and 1778, extended in 1817 by William Newham.
Reasons for Designation
The Assembly Rooms is listed at Grade II for the following principal reasons:
Architectural interest:
* as a distinctive public building, which contributes strongly to the architectural character and diversity of Swaffham’s historic Market Place;
* for the architectural quality of its late-C18 and early-C19 façades, which are enlivened by classical detailing.
Historic interest:
* for the contribution it makes to the evolution of the historic Market Place and the development of the town.
Group value:
* for its historic and functional group value with many other listed buildings on Market Place.
History
Swaffham’s significance in the medieval period stemmed from its position on the crossroads of the main routes from London, Norwich and King’s Lynn. The first written record of a market in the town, which was established on a triangular-shaped area formed by the convergence of the aforementioned roads, was in 1215 when King John issued a royal writ to the Sherriff of Norfolk to abolish it should it ‘damage the market in Dunham’. It was never abolished and expanded rapidly. The Market Place was probably open to the church on its east side, but later C17 development closed this off, while the development of The Shambles in the middle in the late C18/early C19, further reduced the size of the open space. From the mid-C18, for a period of just over a hundred years, Swaffham became one of the most populous parishes in Norfolk and one of the most fashionable centres in the county, attracting many leading West Norfolk Families. A racecourse had been established by 1628, the Assembly Rooms were constructed in 1776-1778, subsequently extended and modernised in 1817, and George Walpole, the Third Earl of Orford (1730-1791), founded a coursing club in 1786. During this period of prosperity much rebuilding took place around the Market Place and the overall character of the town is primarily of mid-late Georgian in date, although there is evidence for C16-C17 work behind many façades. Further rebuilding also took place after ‘The Great Fire of Swaffham’, which probably started in the vicinity of the Blue Boar Inn (now the White Hart) on the afternoon of 14 November 1775, when it was set ablaze by a spark from a nearby blacksmith’s workshop. Fire soon engulfed the densely packed houses and workshops behind the inn and along London Road, with 22 buildings being completely destroyed and a further two badly damaged. The town continued to expand in the C19 when its population increased from 2,200 in 1800 to 3,350 in 1845. It also became an important local administrative centre during this period and acquired several notable buildings, including a National School (1838), Shire Hall (1839) and Corn Hall (1858).
The Assembly Room, constructed between 1776 and 1778, is shown on Faden’s ‘Plan of the Town of Swaffham’ (1797) with its distinctive stepped north-east side. The extension to the south-east, added in 1817 to designs by William Newham, is shown on the 1884 Ordnance Survey map by which time the building was known as the ‘Assembly Rooms’. The Assembly Rooms were listed at Grade II in 1973.
Details
Assembly Rooms, constructed between 1776 and 1778, extended in 1817 by William Newham.
MATERIALS: the building has pantile roof coverings and red brick walls, with stucco to the 1817 extension.
PLAN: the building is roughly rectangular on plan, facing south-east to Market Place.
EXTERIOR: the Assembly Rooms is a single-storey building with a hipped pantile roof to the 1770s range (accessed from the south-west), and a shallow, pitched pantile roof to the 1817 range (accessed from the south-east). The 1770s range is constructed of red brick laid in Flemish bond; the central three bays originally broke forward and were rebuilt in the 1950s, while the outer bays retain original brickwork and a dentil eaves course. This elevation features a central double door with six panels in four parts, and five bays of windows over. The windows have gauged skewback arches, stone sills and six-over-six timber sash windows without horns; those to the centre 3 bays have segmental arches. The south-east front, also single storey in height, was added in 1817 and is five bays wide with a plain parapet and stucco walls. The north-east and south-west gables are inflex-arched, with an urnlike chimney pot to their centre. The rightmost bay of the south-east elevation has a C20 double door with eight panels under a five-vaned fanlight and within a rusticated arch. The four left bays have late-C19 two-light casements within early-C19 moulded surrounds with hoods.
INTERIOR: The south door leads to a wide entrance passageway and to a reception room at right angles. There are three doorways with lugged surrounds, and the south windows also have lugged internal surrounds. There is a suspended C20 ceiling. Three folding doors lead to the main assembly room, which is lit by the five west windows, which have arched internal surrounds. The main assembly room also has a suspended C20 ceiling and a gallery at the north end.
