Summary
The entrance lodge for the former St Michael’s Free Home for Consumptives, by William Butterfield, built in 1878.
Reasons for Designation
St Michael's Lodge is listed at Grade II for the following principal reasons:
* Architectural interest: it is a well-designed entrance lodge, utilising local-rubble and ashlar stone that complement the quality and architectural interest of the main house beyond;
* Historic interest: part of a private sanatorium, a philanthropic enterprise founded by Mrs Matilda Gibbs, wife to William Gibbs the prominent C19 businessman, in memory of her husband and the three children she tragically lost to tuberculosis;
* Degree of survival: although it has lost its original windows, it retains the proportions of a lodge building including the attached former stables;
* Association: designed by William Butterfield, one of the foremost Gothic-Revival architects of the C19, who had a long association with the Gibbs family due to their respective links to the Oxford Movement;
* Group value: it has strong group value with the main house (listed Grade II*) and as part of an unusually complete group of associated buildings (many listed at Grade II), which help to illustrate the historic function of the former sanatorium complex.
History
St Michael’s Home was founded by Matilda Blanche Gibbs (1817-1887), wife of William Gibbs (1790-1875), the notable merchant, philanthropist, and owner of the estate of Tyntesfield, North Somerset since 1834. The Gibbs’ had seven children; three died due to pulmonary tuberculosis. Following their deaths, Mrs Gibbs sought to help those with the condition by establishing a facility where suffers could receive long-term care and treatment. Her initial plan was to build a home in Surrey. However, due to concerns over the suitability of the climate, she turned her attention to an isolated spot on the Mendip slopes, to the north west of the village of Axbridge, Somerset. The sanatorium was dedicated to the patron saint of the sick and the suffering, St. Michael. The home was run by the Associate Community of St. Peter, an Anglican-Catholic Sisterhood from Woking, London, who had looked after the Gibbs’ youngest daughter before her death in 1874.
Mrs Gibbs enlisted the renowned Gothic-Revival architect William Butterfield (1814-1900), whose other works include the Church of St John, Clevedon (1875-6; Grade II*) and the Butterfield Wing, Royal Hampshire County Hospital (1863-8; listed Grade II). Matilda and her husband William Gibbs were Anglo-Catholics and supporters of the Oxford Movement (a mid-C19 High-Church Anglican movement), with which Butterfield was closely associated. Mr Gibbs had approved the commissioning of Butterfield to design Keble College, Oxford (1870, listed Grade I), including the chapel which William funded.
St Michael’s Free Home for Consumptives was opened on 28 September 1878. The building consisted of a U-shaped plan with a central chapel and wards on either side. There were 24 beds; half for men and half for women. A lodge with stables was built at the main entrance gate to the south, at the bottom of a tree-lined avenue. A grace-and-favour parsonage with its own stables and coach house was built to the south-east for the resident chaplain.
Built into a slope, the main building has three storeys to the south and two to the north. The ground floor contained a men’s hall and kitchen area, the first the men’s ward, and the second the women’s ward. To encourage full use of the grounds, all of the floors had level access to the gardens; on the top floor this was via a raised walkway on the north side of the building. To the west was a lawn area with stone terracing to the south.
The building was extended in 1882 by the addition of a south wing, also designed by Butterfield, providing accommodation for a further 26 patients and rooms for the sisters above. A farm located within the grounds provided fresh food and patients were encouraged to help with its running where possible. By 1886 a cemetery for deceased patients was added to the north-west corner of the estate. Males were buried on the south side and females on the north (the headstones were moved to the side of the cemetery in early C21). Two mortuary buildings, one next to the rear entrance to the chapel and another shelter positioned along the path to the cemetery were also provided. At the end of the C19 a set of pathways were laid out in the woodland to the north and shelters were built in the grounds to encourage patients to enjoy the fresh air. The hospital’s water supply was from an underground reservoir to the north, first shown on the 2nd Edition Ordnance Survey Map (1903).
In the early-C20 a three-storey pavilion was added to the south-east corner of the main building and included two glazed balconies on the upper floors. By 1930 a laundry house had been built within the northern woodland and another outbuilding, possibly a game/ meat larder, was added to the east side of the home. The larder was later converted into ancillary accommodation and linked to a 1977 wing.
From the mid-C20 and the discovery of antibiotics, the rates of tuberculosis had begun to decline. In 1956 St. Michael’s ceased to be used solely as a tuberculosis sanatorium and in 1968 the Sisters of St Peter returned to Woking. The home was taken over by the Cheshire Foundation Home, founded by Group Captain Leonard Cheshire, for the care of the incurably sick and disabled. The facility became known as St. Michael Cheshire Care Home. A community room was added in 1975. In 1977 an accommodation wing was added to the east. Another wing was added to the north-west in 1984. Dan Olive, a local architect designed the extensions with the intention of complementing the style of the C19 building. In the 1990s two bungalows were built in the grounds to cater for semi-assisted living. In the late-C20 the parsonage and its garden were sold and subdivided to form a pair of semi-detached dwellings. It was later brought back into single ownership and is now (2015), a guest house.
Details
The entrance lodge for the former St Michael’s Free Home for Consumptives, by William Butterfield, built in 1878.
MATERIALS: local rubble stone quarried in the Mendips, with Bath-stone dressing and half-timber cladding, all under a tile roof.
PLAN: an L-shaped footprint on an east-to-west alignment.
EXTERIOR: on the west side is a canted bay with arched openings to the north and south designed to provide pedestrian access to the estate. The south opening has been in-filled to form a window. The west side contains two single-light tracery-headed windows. The original gate lever mechanism survives within this bay. The main house has a T-shape plan. The windows in the house are all uPVC replacements. The south elevation is a single bay and is flanked by clasping buttress with a short length of attached yard wall running to the west. The north elevation is decorated with ashlar stone to the ground floor, and applied timber framing and a barge board with scroll brackets to the first floor. To the east is a two-storey wing incorporating the hipped stairwell. Beyond is a single-storey half-hipped former stable wing (now a garage). The east elevation contains the enlarged garage door with a hay loft and applied timber framing above. The south return contains a rear entrance and three arrow-slit openings and the north includes an arrangement of four trefoil vents. The tile roof has stone-clad stacks topped by hexagonal pots.
INTERIOR: the rooms are arranged around a central corridor. The dog-leg stair case has a painted timber balustrade and the surviving timber fire surrounds are in the same style as the main house.
This list entry was subject to a Minor Amendment on 09/09/2015
