War Memorial Cross at St Matthew's Church, Oxhey

c18m north of St Matthew's Church, The churchyard, Eastbury Road, Oxhey, Hertfordshire, WD19 4ST

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Overview

First World War memorial cross. Read the official list entry to find out more.

Heritage Category:: Listed Building
Grade:: II
List Entry Number:: 1453946
Date first listed:: 23-Mar-2018
List Entry Name:: War Memorial Cross at St Matthew's Church, Oxhey
Statutory Address:: c18m north of St Matthew's Church, The churchyard, Eastbury Road, Oxhey, Hertfordshire, WD19 4ST

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Official list entry

Heritage Category:: Listed Building
Grade:: II
List Entry Number:: 1453946
Date first listed:: 23-Mar-2018
List Entry Name:: War Memorial Cross at St Matthew's Church, Oxhey
Statutory Address 1:: c18m north of St Matthew's Church, The churchyard, Eastbury Road, Oxhey, Hertfordshire, WD19 4ST

This List entry helps identify the building designated at this address for its special architectural or historic interest.

Unless the List entry states otherwise, it includes both the structure itself and any object or structure fixed to it (whether inside or outside) as well as any object or structure within the curtilage of the building.

For these purposes, to be included within the curtilage of the building, the object or structure must have formed part of the land since before 1st July 1948.

Understanding list entries

Corrections and minor amendments

This List entry helps identify the building designated at this address for its special architectural or historic interest.

For these purposes, to be included within the curtilage of the building, the object or structure must have formed part of the land since before 1st July 1948.

Understanding list entries

Corrections and minor amendments

Location

Statutory Address:: c18m north of St Matthew's Church, The churchyard, Eastbury Road, Oxhey, Hertfordshire, WD19 4ST

The building or site itself may lie within the boundary of more than one authority.

County:: Hertfordshire
District:: Watford (District Authority)
Parish:: Non Civil Parish
National Grid Reference:: TQ1176195344

Summary

First World War memorial cross.

Reasons for Designation

The war memorial cross, which stands outside St Matthew’s Church, is listed at Grade II for the following principal reasons:

Historic interest:

* as an eloquent witness to the tragic impact of world events on the local community, and the sacrifice it made in the First World War.

Architectural interest:

* an imposing granite memorial cross in the Celtic style, making a strong visual contrast with the red brick of the church behind; * unusually, the memorial has not been adapted for Second World War commemoration, and thus retains its original design intent.

Group value:

* with the Church of St Matthew (Grade II-listed).

History

The aftermath of the First World War saw the biggest single wave of public commemoration ever with tens of thousands of memorials erected across England. This was the result of both the huge impact on communities of the loss of three quarters of a million British lives, and also the official policy of not repatriating the dead which meant that the memorials provided the main focus of the grief felt at this great loss. As well as personnel from the Army and Naval services, British losses now included members of the Royal Flying Corps and Royal Naval Air Service.

One such memorial was raised outside St Matthew’s Church, Oxhey, as a permanent testament to the sacrifice made by 128 members of the community who lost their lives in the First World War. A cross had been erected by August 1919, perhaps the wooden cross that was moved to Watford Heath in 1920. The stone Celtic cross listing the commemorated names was erected in its stead.

One of these servicemen was Sub-Flight Lieutenant Reginald Warneford (1891-1915), who often visited family members living in Oxhey. At the start of the First World War Warneford had joined the Royal Fusiliers, quickly transferring to the Royal Navy. He joined the Royal Naval Air Service in February 1915, earning his Royal Aero Club certificate (number 1098) at Hendon. Warneford was awarded the Victoria Cross on 11 June 1915 for destroying German Zeppelin LZ37 over Ghent on 7 June, the first successful aerial attack on an airship and making him the first RNAS officer to receive this highest award. But he died on 17 June when he crashed, ferrying a new Farman F27 biplane from Buc aerodrome with a passenger, the journalist Henry Newman. His body was repatriated and he is buried in Brompton Cemetery (where his grave is Grade II-listed).

Details

The memorial stands outside the Church of St Matthew (Grade II-listed). It takes the form of a tall granite wheel-head cross standing on a large tapering granite plinth. The front face of the rough-hewn plinth is smoothed, bearing the commemorated names in applied metal lettering. The inscription reads TO LIVE IN HEARTS WE LEAVE BEHIND IS NOT TO DIE/ (128 NAMES). The cross stands on a small pavement at the side of the churchyard path.

Sources

Websites
Oxhey Village Environment Group, accessed 16 January 2018 from https://ovegoxhey.files.wordpress.com/2015/01/history-sheet-2-warneford.pdf
St Matthew's Church, Oxhey, accessed 16 January 2018 from http://www.stmatthewsoxhey.org.uk/memorials.html
War Memorials Register, accessed 16 January 2018 from http://www.iwm.org.uk/memorials/item/memorial/67048
Other
David Gunby (2004, 2011), Warneford, Reginald Alexander John (1891–1915), Oxford Dictionary of National Biography [online database] https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/36746 [accessed 16 January 2018]
“Land of Happy Meadows”, The Daily Herald, 2 August 1919, p2
Ancestry.com. Great Britain, Royal Aero Club Aviators’ Certificates, 1910-1950 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2008. Original data: Royal Aero Club. Royal Aero Club index cards and photographs are in the care of the Royal Air Force Museum, Hendon, London, England.

Legal

This building is listed under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 as amended for its special architectural or historic interest.