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Enclosed settlement on Ewesley Fell, 1.2km north west of Ewesley

Listed on the National Heritage List for England. Search over 400,000 listed places

Overview

Heritage Category:: Scheduled Monument
List Entry Number:: 1006486
Date first listed:: 13-Nov-1963

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Official list entry

Heritage Category:: Scheduled Monument
List Entry Number:: 1006486
Date first listed:: 13-Nov-1963
Location Description:: Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.

Location

The building or site itself may lie within the boundary of more than one authority.

District:: Northumberland (Unitary Authority)
Parish:: Nunnykirk
National Grid Reference:: NZ 05012 92618

Reasons for Designation

In Cumbria and Northumberland several distinctive types of native settlements dating to the Roman period have been identified. The majority were small, non- defensive, enclosed homesteads or farms. In many areas they were of stone construction, although in the coastal lowlands timber-built variants were also common. In much of Northumberland, especially in the Cheviots, the enclosures were curvilinear in form. Further south a rectangular form was more common. Elsewhere, especially near the Scottish border, another type occurs where the settlement enclosure was `scooped' into the hillslope. Frequently the enclosures reveal a regularity and similarity of internal layout. The standard layout included one or more stone round-houses situated towards the rear of the enclosure, facing the single entranceway. In front of the houses were pathways and small enclosed yards. Homesteads normally had only one or two houses, but larger enclosures could contain as many as six. At some sites the settlement appears to have grown, often with houses spilling out of the main enclosure and clustered around it. At these sites up to 30 houses may be found. These homesteads were being constructed and used by non-Roman natives throughout the period of the Roman occupation. Their origins lie in settlement forms developed before the arrival of the Romans. These homesteads are common throughout the uplands where they frequently survive as well-preserved earthworks. In lowland coastal areas they were also originally common, although there they can frequently only be located through aerial photography. All homestead sites which survive substantially intact will normally be identified as nationally important. The enclosed settlement on Ewesley Fell, survives well and retains significant archaeological deposits. It is one of very few multiple ditched Romano-British monuments in Northumberland; its unusual form is of added interest and it will contribute to any study of late prehistoric and Romano-British settlement and activity.

Details

The monument includes an enclosed settlement of Romano-British date, situated on a north east facing slope overlooking the valley of the River Font. The enclosure, aligned east-west, is sub-rectangular in shape with rounded corners and measures approximately 100m by 50m. It is surrounded by a triple rampart and triple ditch on the north and west sides and a double ramparts and ditches on the east and south sides. There are slight traces of a counterscarp bank and the outer ditch stops abruptly on the north side, which suggests that it was not completed. The ditches vary in width from 6.4m to 10m and are pierced by a causewayed entrance on the east side.

SOURCES PastScape Monument No:- 21410 NMR:- NZ09SE5 Northumberland HER:- 10816

Legacy

The contents of this record have been generated from a legacy data system.

Legacy System number:: ND 387
Legacy System:: RSM - OCN

Legal

This monument is scheduled under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 as amended as it appears to the Secretary of State to be of national importance. This entry is a copy, the original is held by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport.