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Romano-British farmstead, 70m south-west of Pity Me

Listed on the National Heritage List for England. Search over 400,000 listed places

Overview

Heritage Category:: Scheduled Monument
List Entry Number:: 1011424
Date first listed:: 08-Aug-1954

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Official list entry

Heritage Category:: Scheduled Monument
List Entry Number:: 1011424
Date first listed:: 08-Aug-1954
Date of most recent amendment:: 17-Feb-1994

Location

The building or site itself may lie within the boundary of more than one authority.

District:: Northumberland (Unitary Authority)
Parish:: Chollerton
National Grid Reference:: NY 91792 76689

Reasons for Designation

In Cumbria and Northumberland several distinctive types of native settlements dating to the Roman period have been identified. The majority were small, non- defensive, enclosed homesteads or farms. In many areas they were of stone construction, although in the coastal lowlands timber-built variants were also common. In much of Northumberland, especially in the Cheviots, the enclosures were curvilinear in form. Further south a rectangular form was more common. Elsewhere, especially near the Scottish border, another type occurs where the settlement enclosure was `scooped' into the hillslope. Frequently the enclosures reveal a regularity and similarity of internal layout. The standard layout included one or more stone round-houses situated towards the rear of the enclosure, facing the single entranceway. In front of the houses were pathways and small enclosed yards. Homesteads normally had only one or two houses, but larger enclosures could contain as many as six. At some sites the settlement appears to have grown, often with houses spilling out of the main enclosure and clustered around it. At these sites up to 30 houses may be found. In the Cumbrian uplands the settlements were of less regimented form and unenclosed clusters of houses of broadly contemporary date are also known. These homesteads were being constructed and used by non-Roman natives throughout the period of the Roman occupation. Their origins lie in settlement forms developed before the arrival of the Romans. These homesteads are common throughout the uplands where they frequently survive as well-preserved earthworks. In lowland coastal areas they were also originally common, although there they can frequently only be located through aerial photography. All homestead sites which survive substantially intact will normally be identified as nationally important.

Despite some damage by quarrying, the farmstead at Pity Me is well preserved and retains significant archaeological remains. Additionally, it is one of a group of similar settlements in this area and will contribute to the study of the wider settlement pattern of the area at this time.

Details

The monument includes a farmstead of Romano-British date situated on the top of Camphill adjacent to a disused quarry. The former quarry has removed the south-eastern end of the enclosure. The settlement is sub-rectangular in shape and measures a maximum of 62m north-west to south-east by 77m north-east to south-west within a single bank and a ditch. The surrounding ditch is well preserved and measures 6m wide and 1.3m deep. Outside the ditch there is a bank 3.5m across. The bank and ditch are best preserved on the north and western sides. The original entrance probably lay in the south-eastern side and has been destroyed. There are no visible traces of internal occupation but the foundations of circular houses will survive beneath the ground surface. The track which crosses the site and the fence around the quarry edge are excluded from the scheduling but the ground beneath them is included.

MAP EXTRACT The site of the monument is shown on the attached map extract.

Legacy

The contents of this record have been generated from a legacy data system.

Legacy System number:: 20929
Legacy System:: RSM

Sources

Other
Ordnance Survey, NY 97 NW 14 Ordnance Survey Illustration Card, (1962)

Legal

This monument is scheduled under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 as amended as it appears to the Secretary of State to be of national importance. This entry is a copy, the original is held by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport.