Reasons for Designation
Shielings are small seasonally occupied huts which were built to provide
shelter for herdsmen who tended animals grazing summer pasture on upland or
marshland. These huts reflect a system called transhumance, whereby stock was
moved in spring from lowland pasture around the permanently occupied farms to
communal upland grazing during the warmer summer months. Settlement patterns
reflecting transhumance are known from the Bronze Age (c.2000-700 BC)
onwards. However, the construction of herdsmen's huts in a form distinctive
from the normal dwelling houses of farms, only appears from the early medieval
period onwards (from AD 450), when the practice of transhumance is also known
from documentary sources and, notably, place-name studies. Their construction
appears to cease at the end of the 16th century. Shielings vary in size but
are commonly small and may occur singly or in groups. They have a simple sub-
rectangular or ovoid plan normally defined by drystone walling, although
occasional turf-built structures are known, and the huts are sometimes
surrounded by a ditch. Most examples have a single undivided interior but two
roomed examples are known. Some examples have adjacent ancillary structures,
such as pens, and may be associated with a midden. Some are also contained
within a small ovoid enclosure. Shielings are reasonably common in the uplands
but frequently represent the only evidence for medieval settlement and farming
practice here. Those examples which survive well and which help illustrate
medieval land use in an area are considered to be nationally important.
Details
The monument includes the remains of three shielings of medieval or
post-medieval date which form part of a group situated in the valley of the
Red Sike, a tributary of the River Irthing. Two of the shielings have been
overlain by the third and are therefore earlier in date. The most westerly
shieling appears as the footings of a rectangular building 6.8m by 3.1m with
walls 0.5m thick. It is orientated east to west and is immediately adjacent to
a second shieling of similar dimensions to the first but is orientated north
to south. Only the eastern side of this shieling is now visible. These two
shielings are both overlain by a third which is orientated east to west and
has maximum dimensions of 6.6m by 3.1m. The shieling is divided by a wall into
two rooms and there is an entrance through the centre of the south wall giving
access to the larger of the two rooms. Attached to the western end there is a
small annexe. A document of 13th century date indicates that the area was
being used for sheep pasture, and further documents of the late 16th century
describe a shielding system on the moor of which these shielings formed a
part.
Legacy
The contents of this record have been generated from a legacy data system.
Legacy System number:
25170
Legacy System:
RSM
Sources
Books and journals
Legal
This monument is scheduled under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 as amended as it appears to the Secretary of State to be of national importance. This entry is a copy, the original is held by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport.
End of official list entry
