Reasons for Designation
In Cumbria and Northumberland several distinctive types of native settlements
dating to the Roman period have been identified. The majority were small, non-
defensive, enclosed homesteads or farms. In many areas they were of stone
construction, although in the coastal lowlands timber-built variants were also
common. In much of Northumberland, especially in the Cheviots, the enclosures
were curvilinear in form. Further south a rectangular form was more common.
Elsewhere, especially near the Scottish border, another type occurs where the
settlement enclosure was `scooped' into the hillslope. Frequently the
enclosures reveal a regularity and similarity of internal layout. The standard
layout included one or more stone round-houses situated towards the rear of
the enclosure, facing the single entranceway. In front of the houses were
pathways and small enclosed yards. Homesteads normally had only one or two
houses, but larger enclosures could contain as many as six. At some sites the
settlement appears to have grown, often with houses spilling out of the main
enclosure and clustered around it. At these sites up to 30 houses may be
found. In the Cumbrian uplands the settlements were of less regimented form
and unenclosed clusters of houses of broadly contemporary date are also known.
These homesteads were being constructed and used by non-Roman natives
throughout the period of the Roman occupation. Their origins lie in settlement
forms developed before the arrival of the Romans. These homesteads are common
throughout the uplands where they frequently survive as well-preserved
earthworks. In lowland coastal areas they were also originally common,
although there they can frequently only be located through aerial photography.
All homestead sites which survive substantially intact will normally be
identified as nationally important.
Details
The monument includes a Romano-British hut circle with a surrounding
semi-circular ditch and bank, at the east end of High Force Quarry, just
outside the quarry fence.
The hut circle is 7m in diameter, with an entrance facing south east. The
walls of the hut are formed by an earth and stone bank 2m wide and 0.3m high.
The hut circle is partly enclosed by a semi-circular bank and ditch about 23m
in diameter. The bank is composed of earth and stone and is 2m wide and 0.2m
high. The ditch is on the outside of the bank and is 2m wide and 0.3m deep.
These remains are overlain by the fragmentary remains of a robbed-out modern
drystone wall. The hut circle and its surrounding bank form part of a larger
settlement, most of which has been destroyed by the quarrying activities in
the 1930s. A pair of quernstones from the site were given to the Bowes Museum
by Lord Barnard in 1937.
Legacy
The contents of this record have been generated from a legacy data system.
Legacy System number:
34363
Legacy System:
RSM
Sources
Books and journals
Legal
This monument is scheduled under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 as amended as it appears to the Secretary of State to be of national importance. This entry is a copy, the original is held by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport.
End of official list entry
