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Farmstead 700yds (640m) NNW of Redlands Bank

Listed on the National Heritage List for England. Search over 400,000 listed places

Overview

Heritage Category:: Scheduled Monument
List Entry Number:: 1007124
Date first listed:: 14-Dec-1971

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Official list entry

Heritage Category:: Scheduled Monument
List Entry Number:: 1007124
Date first listed:: 14-Dec-1971

Location

The building or site itself may lie within the boundary of more than one authority.

County:: Cumbria
District:: Eden (District Authority)
Parish:: Crackenthorpe
National Grid Reference:: NY 64394 24300

Summary

Settlement enclosure, c 615m NNW of Redlands Bank.

Reasons for Designation

In Cumbria and Northumberland several distinctive types of native settlements dating to the Roman period have been identified. The majority were small, non- defensive, enclosed homesteads or farms. In many areas they were of stone construction, although in the coastal lowlands timber-built variants were also common. In much of Northumberland, especially in the Cheviots, the enclosures were curvilinear in form. Further south a rectangular form was more common. Elsewhere, especially near the Scottish border, another type occurs where the settlement enclosure was `scooped' into the hillslope. Frequently the enclosures reveal a regularity and similarity of internal layout. The standard layout included one or more stone round-houses situated towards the rear of the enclosure, facing the single entranceway. In front of the houses were pathways and small enclosed yards. Homesteads normally had only one or two houses, but larger enclosures could contain as many as six. At some sites the settlement appears to have grown, often with houses spilling out of the main enclosure and clustered around it. At these sites up to 30 houses may be found. In the Cumbrian uplands the settlements were of less regimented form and unenclosed clusters of houses of broadly contemporary date are also known. These homesteads were being constructed and used by non-Roman natives throughout the period of the Roman occupation. Their origins lie in settlement forms developed before the arrival of the Romans. These homesteads are common throughout the uplands where they frequently survive as well-preserved earthworks. In lowland coastal areas they were also originally common, although there they can frequently only be located through aerial photography. All homestead sites which survive substantially intact will normally be identified as nationally important.

The settlement enclosure c 615m NNW of Redlands Bank is preserved as a cropmark and will contain archaeological deposits relating to its construction, use and abandonment and environmental deposits relating to the use of the surrounding landscape. The significance of the monument is increased by its proximity to the broadly contemporary Roman temporary camp located 850m to the south east. Taken together the monuments provide insight into the relationship between native settlement and Roman military fortifications during the Roman occupation of Britain.

History

See Details.

Details

This record was the subject of a minor enhancement on 29 March 2016. This record has been generated from an "old county number" (OCN) scheduling record. These are monuments that were not reviewed under the Monuments Protection Programme and are some of our oldest designation records.

The monument includes the remains of a settlement enclosure of Romano-British date, situated on a gentle south west facing slope overlooking the River Eden. The sub-circular enclosure, which is preserved as a cropmark, is surrounded by a ditch with an entrance on its east side and measures approximately 80m by 70m.

Legacy

The contents of this record have been generated from a legacy data system.

Legacy System number:: CU 417
Legacy System:: RSM - OCN

Sources

Other
PastScape Monument No:- 13643

Legal

This monument is scheduled under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 as amended as it appears to the Secretary of State to be of national importance. This entry is a copy, the original is held by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport.