Romano-British farmstead, 330m north west of Sidwood Cottage

Listed on the National Heritage List for England. Search over 400,000 listed places

Overview

Heritage Category:: Scheduled Monument
List Entry Number:: 1008989
Date first listed:: 19-Mar-1965

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Official list entry

Heritage Category:: Scheduled Monument
List Entry Number:: 1008989
Date first listed:: 19-Mar-1965
Date of most recent amendment:: 03-Sep-1994

Location

The building or site itself may lie within the boundary of more than one authority.

District:: Northumberland (Unitary Authority)
Parish:: Tarset
National Park:: NORTHUMBERLAND
National Grid Reference:: NY 77285 89249

Reasons for Designation

In Cumbria and Northumberland several distinctive types of native settlements dating to the Roman period have been identified. The majority were small, non- defensive, enclosed homesteads or farms. In many areas they were of stone construction, although in the coastal lowlands timber-built variants were also common. In much of Northumberland, especially in the Cheviots, the enclosures were curvilinear in form. Further south a rectangular form was more common. Elsewhere, especially near the Scottish border, another type occurs where the settlement enclosure was `scooped' into the hillslope. Frequently the enclosures reveal a regularity and similarity of internal layout. The standard layout included one or more stone round-houses situated towards the rear of the enclosure, facing the single entranceway. In front of the houses were pathways and small enclosed yards. Homesteads normally had only one or two houses, but larger enclosures could contain as many as six. At some sites the settlement appears to have grown, often with houses spilling out of the main enclosure and clustered around it. At these sites up to 30 houses may be found. In the Cumbrian uplands the settlements were of less regimented form and unenclosed clusters of houses of broadly contemporary date are also known. These homesteads were being constructed and used by non-Roman natives throughout the period of the Roman occupation. Their origins lie in settlement forms developed before the arrival of the Romans. These homesteads are common throughout the uplands where they frequently survive as well-preserved earthworks. In lowland coastal areas they were also originally common, although there they can frequently only be located through aerial photography. All homestead sites which survive substantially intact will normally be identified as nationally important.

The farmstead 330m north west of Sidwood Cottage is very well-preserved and retains significant archaeological deposits. It is one of a group of similar Romano-British settlements in the area and will contribute to any study of the settlement pattern at this time.

Details

The monument includes the remains of a farmstead of Romano-British date situated on a north east slope commanding the Tarset Valley. The farmstead, sub-rectangular in shape, measures a maximum of 34m north west to south east by 32m north east to south west within a single rampart of stone and earth. The rampart is a maximum of 5m wide and stands to a height of 0.6m above the exterior ground level. An entrance 5m wide is visible in the eastern wall. The interior of the settlement is divided into two areas: an upper western half which contains the remains of three circular stone founded houses and a lower eastern half which contains the depressions of two scooped yards, 1.5m deep, placed either side of the entrance. All of the circular houses have clear entrances in their eastern sides and they measure 8m, 7m and 5.5m in diameter. A further round house is visible tucked into the outside of the bank on the northern side of the enclosure; this indicates that the settlement expanded beyond its original walls.

MAP EXTRACT The site of the monument is shown on the attached map extract. It includes a 5 metre boundary around the archaeological features, considered to be essential for the monument's support and preservation.

Legacy

The contents of this record have been generated from a legacy data system.

Legacy System number:: 25075
Legacy System:: RSM

Sources

Books and journals
Hogg, A H A, 'Proc Soc Antiq Ncle 4 ser 11' in Proc Soc Antiq Ncle 4 ser 11, (1947), 168
Jobey, G, 'Archaeologia Aeliana 4 ser 38' in Rectlinear Settlements of the Roman Period in Northumberland, (1960), 36
Other
NY 78 NE 01,

Legal

This monument is scheduled under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 as amended as it appears to the Secretary of State to be of national importance. This entry is a copy, the original is held by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport.