Corby Glen market cross

Reasons for Designation

A standing cross is a free standing upright structure, usually of stone, mostly erected during the medieval period (mid 10th to mid 16th centuries AD). Standing crosses served a variety of functions. In churchyards they served as stations for outdoor processions, particularly in the observance of Palm Sunday. Elsewhere, standing crosses were used within settlements as places for preaching, public proclamation and penance, as well as defining rights of sanctuary. Standing crosses were also employed to mark boundaries between parishes, property, or settlements. A few crosses were erected to commemorate battles. Some crosses were linked to particular saints, whose support and protection their presence would have helped to invoke. Crosses in market places may have helped to validate transactions. After the Reformation, some crosses continued in use as foci for municipal or borough ceremonies, for example as places for official proclamations and announcements; some were the scenes of games or recreational activity. Standing crosses were distributed throughout England and are thought to have numbered in excess of 12,000. However, their survival since the Reformation has been variable, being much affected by local conditions, attitudes and religious sentiment. In particular, many cross-heads were destroyed by iconoclasts during the 16th and 17th centuries. Less than 2,000 medieval standing crosses, with or without cross-heads, are now thought to exist. The oldest and most basic form of standing cross is the monolith, a stone shaft often set directly in the ground without a base. The most common form is the stepped cross, in which the shaft is set in a socket stone and raised upon a flight of steps; this type of cross remained current from the 11th to 12th centuries until after the Reformation. Where the cross-head survives it may take a variety of forms, from a lantern-like structure to a crucifix; the more elaborate examples date from the 15th century. Much less common than stepped crosses are spire-shaped crosses, often composed of three or four receding stages with elaborate architectural decoration and/or sculptured figures; the most famous of these include the Eleanor crosses, erected by Edward I at the stopping places of the funeral cortege of his wife, who died in 1290. Also uncommon are the preaching crosses which were built in public places from the 13th century, typically in the cemeteries of religious communities and cathedrals, market places and wide thoroughfares; they include a stepped base, buttresses supporting a vaulted canopy, in turn carrying either a shaft and head or a pinnacled spire. Standing crosses contribute significantly to our understanding of medieval customs, both secular and religious, and to our knowledge of medieval parishes and settlement patterns. All crosses which survive as standing monuments, especially those which stand in or near their original location, are considered worthy of protection.

Corby Glen market cross is a good example of a medieval standing cross with a stepped base. Situated in the former market-place it is believed to stand in or near its original position. The limited development of the area immediately surrounding the cross indicates that archaeological deposits relating to the monument's construction and use in this location are likely to survive intact. While the steps, socket-stone and shaft have survived from medieval times, the restoration of the cross in the post-medieval period has resulted in its continued function as a public monument and amenity.

Details

The monument includes Corby Glen market cross, a standing stone cross located in the former market-place. The cross is of stepped form and medieval and later in date. The monument includes the base, comprising three steps and a socket-stone, the shaft, knop and head.

The base includes three steps, all octagonal in plan and constructed of worn slabs of limestone. The lowest step rests on coursed blue brick and reaches a maximum height of 1.12m above the sloping ground surface. The second and third steps are about 0.28m high. All the steps are medieval in date, with later repair represented by iron clamps; the brick coursing is a 19th century addition. On the upper step rests the socket-stone, a plain limestone slab of square section with chamfered corners. Set into the socket-stone is the shaft, which is square in section at the base rising over 1.95m through chamfered corners in slightly tapering octagonal section. Both the socket-stone and shaft are believed to be medieval. The shaft terminates in a moulded and chamfered knop of square section. Above is the head, composed of a short pedestal of square section, similiar in width to the shaft, topped by a stone ball. The knop and head are believed to be late 17th century in date. The full height of the cross is about 3.5m.

The monument includes a 1m margin around the cross which is essential for the monument's support and preservation. The modern paving immediately surrounding the cross is excluded from the scheduling although the ground beneath it is included.

This cross is Listed Grade II.

MAP EXTRACT The site of the monument is shown on the attached map extract. It includes a 1 metre boundary around the archaeological features, considered to be essential for the monument's support and preservation.

Legacy

The contents of this record have been generated from a legacy data system.

Legacy System number:

22648

Legacy System:

RSM

Sources

Books and journals
Kelly's Directory in Kelly's Directory, (1909), 153
Davies, D S, Lincolnshire Notes and Queries in Ancient Stone Crosses in Kesteven, Vol. XII no.5, (1913), 135

Other
MWT, AM12, (1966)

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