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Black Hill wayside cross on Glaisdale Rigg

Listed on the National Heritage List for England. Search over 400,000 listed places

Overview

Heritage Category:: Scheduled Monument
List Entry Number:: 1010080
Date first listed:: 03-Mar-1995

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Official list entry

Heritage Category:: Scheduled Monument
List Entry Number:: 1010080
Date first listed:: 03-Mar-1995

Location

The building or site itself may lie within the boundary of more than one authority.

County:: North Yorkshire
District:: Scarborough (District Authority)
Parish:: Glaisdale
National Park:: NORTH YORK MOORS
National Grid Reference:: NZ 74241 04630

Reasons for Designation

Wayside crosses are one of several types of Christian cross erected during the medieval period, mostly from the 9th to 15th centuries AD. In addition to serving the function of reiterating and reinforcing the Christian faith amongst those who passed the cross and of reassuring the traveller, wayside crosses often fulfilled a role as waymarkers, especially in difficult and otherwise unmarked terrain. The crosses might be on regularly used routes linking ordinary settlements or on routes having a more specifically religious function, including those providing access to religious sites for parishioners and funeral processions, or marking long-distance routes frequented on pilgrimages. Over 350 wayside crosses are known nationally, concentrated in south west England throughout Cornwall and on Dartmoor where they form the commonest type of stone cross. A small group also occurs on the North York Moors. Relatively few examples have been recorded elsewhere and these are generally confined to remote moorland locations. Outside Cornwall almost all wayside crosses take the form of a `Latin' cross, in which the cross-head itself is shaped within the projecting arms of an unenclosed cross. In Cornwall wayside crosses vary considerably in form and decoration. The commonest type includes a round, or `wheel', head on the faces of which various forms of cross or related designs were carved in relief or incised, the spaces between the cross arms possibly pierced. The design was sometimes supplemented with a relief figure of Christ and the shaft might bear decorative panels and motifs. Less common forms in Cornwall include the `Latin' cross and, much rarer, the simple slab with a low relief cross on both faces. Rare examples of wheel-head and slab-form crosses also occur within the North York Moors group. Most wayside crosses have either a simple socketed base or show no evidence for a separate base at all. Wayside crosses contribute significantly to our understanding of medieval religious customs and sculptural traditions and to our knowledge of medieval routeways and settlement patterns. All wayside crosses which survive as earth- fast monuments, except those which are extremely damaged and removed from their original locations, are considered worthy of protection.

The Black Hill wayside cross survives well in spite of the loss of the original shaft. It stands in its original position beside the road known as the Yarlesgate and marks the line of this old trackway running north and south across the moors above Fryup Dale.

Details

The monument includes a wayside cross known as Black Hill Cross. It stands beside the road which runs along Glaisdale Rigg and down into Lealholm. This used to be called the Yarlesgate.

The monument consists of a medieval cross base with a more modern shaft roughly inserted into the socket. The base is a freestone boulder of local gritstone. It measures 0.9m wide on the north side and 0.82m wide on the west side. It is 0.42m high. The socket hole measures 0.36m by 0.28m. The shaft is a roughly dressed gritstone slab, cut away at the base to fit into the socket. It measures 0.35m by 0.22m by 1.27m.

The cross stands 1.5m above the road side and is 1.8m from the road edge. The road surface is not included in the scheduling but the ground beneath it is.

MAP EXTRACT The site of the monument is shown on the attached map extract. It includes a 2 metre boundary around the archaeological features, considered to be essential for the monument's support and preservation.

Legacy

The contents of this record have been generated from a legacy data system.

Legacy System number:: 25659
Legacy System:: RSM

Sources

Books and journals
Hayes, R H, Old Roads and Pannierways in North East Yorkshire, (1988), 38

Legal

This monument is scheduled under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 as amended as it appears to the Secretary of State to be of national importance. This entry is a copy, the original is held by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport.