Wayside Cross at Hatherop

Reasons for Designation

Wayside crosses are one of several types of Christian cross erected during the medieval period, mostly from the 9th to 15th centuries AD. In addition to serving the function of reiterating and reinforcing the Christian faith amongst those who passed the cross and of reassuring the traveller, wayside crosses often fulfilled a role as waymarkers, especially in difficult and otherwise unmarked terrain. The crosses might be on regularly used routes linking ordinary settlements or on routes having a more specifically religious function, including those providing access to religious sites for parishioners and funeral processions, or marking long-distance routes frequented on pilgrimages. Over 350 wayside crosses are known nationally, concentrated in south west England throughout Cornwall and on Dartmoor where they form the commonest type of stone cross. A small group also occurs on the North York Moors. Relatively few examples have been recorded elsewhere and these are generally confined to remote moorland locations. Outside Cornwall almost all wayside crosses take the form of a `Latin' cross, in which the cross-head itself is shaped within the projecting arms of an unenclosed cross. In Cornwall wayside crosses vary considerably in form and decoration. The commonest type includes a round, or `wheel', head on the faces of which various forms of cross or related designs were carved in relief or incised, the spaces between the cross arms possibly pierced. The design was sometimes supplemented with a relief figure of Christ and the shaft might bear decorative panels and motifs. Less common forms in Cornwall include the `Latin' cross and, much rarer, the simple slab with a low relief cross on both faces. Rare examples of wheel-head and slab-form crosses also occur within the North York Moors group. Most wayside crosses have either a simple socketed base or show no evidence for a separate base at all. Wayside crosses contribute significantly to our understanding of medieval religious customs and sculptural traditions and to our knowledge of medieval routeways and settlement patterns. All wayside crosses which survive as earth- fast monuments, except those which are extremely damaged and removed from their original locations, are considered worthy of protection.

Despite the shaft being broken, the wayside cross at Hatherop survives well with many of its original elements intact in what is likely to be its original location beside the road. The garden wall does not detract from the monument and serves as protection from passing traffic.

Details

The monument includes part of a wayside cross shaft embedded in its original socket on a three step calvary, situated in a garden bordering the road in the village of Hatherop. The stone base of the calvary is 2.7m square and 0.15m high; the next step is 2.2m square and 1.75m high, and the third step is 1.45m square and 0.2m high. Above this the socket stone is 0.8m square and 0.45m high. It is octagonal above with broaches at the angles, each side of the octagonal measuring 0.4m. The socket in which the shaft is embedded is 0.35m square. The stump is part of an octagonal shaft, squared by broaches and fixed with lead into the socket. The shaft measures 0.45m high and tapers from its basal width of 0.35m to c.0.3m. This wayside cross was open to the road in the last century, and has been dated to the late 14th century. Excluded from the scheduling are the low garden wall and the iron railings embedded in the wall where these fall within the cross's protective margin, although the ground beneath these structures is included.

MAP EXTRACT The site of the monument is shown on the attached map extract.

Legacy

The contents of this record have been generated from a legacy data system.

Legacy System number:

22098

Legacy System:

RSM

Sources

Books and journals
Pooley, C, Notes on the Old Crosses of Gloucestershire, (1868), 58-9

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