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Square barrow adjacent to Cawthorne Camps, 520m north west of Saintoft Lodge

Listed on the National Heritage List for England. Search over 400,000 listed places

Overview

Heritage Category:: Scheduled Monument
List Entry Number:: 1015438
Date first listed:: 20-Jan-1964

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Official list entry

Heritage Category:: Scheduled Monument
List Entry Number:: 1015438
Date first listed:: 20-Jan-1964
Date of most recent amendment:: 20-Mar-1997

Location

The building or site itself may lie within the boundary of more than one authority.

District:: North Yorkshire (Unitary Authority)
Parish:: Cropton
National Park:: NORTH YORK MOORS
National Grid Reference:: SE 78450 89892

Reasons for Designation

Square barrows are funerary monuments of the Middle Iron Age, most examples dating from the period between c.500 BC and c.50 BC. The majority of these monuments are found in the area between the River Humber and the southern slopes of the North Yorkshire Moors but a wider distribution has also been identified, principally through aerial photography, spreading through the river valleys of the Midlands and south Essex. Around 200 square barrow cemeteries have been recorded; in addition, a further 250 sites consisting of single barrows or small groups of barrows have been identified. Square barrows, which may be square or rectangular, were constructed as earthen mounds surrounded by a ditch and covering one or more bodies. Slight banks around the outer edge of the ditch have been noted in some examples. The main burial is normally central and carefully placed in a rectangular or oval grave pit, although burials placed on the ground surface below the mound are also known. A number of different types of burial have been identified, accompanied by grave goods which vary greatly in range and type. The most elaborate include the dismantled parts of a two-wheeled vehicle placed in the grave with the body of the deceased. Ploughing and intensive land use since prehistoric times have eroded and levelled most square barrows and very few remain as upstanding monuments, although the ditches and the grave pits, with their contents, will survive beneath the ground surface. The different forms of burial and the variations in the type and range of artefacts placed in the graves provide important information on the beliefs, social organisation and material culture of these Iron Age communities and their development over time. All examples of square barrows which survive as upstanding earthworks, and a significant proportion of the remainder, are considered of national importance and worthy of protection.

Although partly disturbed by early excavations, this barrow has survived well and significant information about its original form and the burials placed within it will be preserved. Together with similar monuments in the region, the barrow offers important scope for the study of funeral practice in the prehistoric period.

Details

The monument includes a square barrow situated in a prominent position on the southern flank of Cawthorne Banks. The barrow has an earth and stone mound standing 1.2m high. It is square in shape with rounded corners and measures 11m across. The mound is surrounded by a ditch up to 1m wide which has become partly infilled over the years and is visible as a slight hollow. The mound has been dug into in antiquity, leaving a deep hole.

MAP EXTRACT The site of the monument is shown on the attached map extract. It includes a 2 metre boundary around the archaeological features, considered to be essential for the monument's support and preservation.

Legacy

The contents of this record have been generated from a legacy data system.

Legacy System number:: 25591
Legacy System:: RSM

Legal

This monument is scheduled under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 as amended as it appears to the Secretary of State to be of national importance. This entry is a copy, the original is held by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport.