Oval barrow on Keysley Down, 1040m NNE of Chapel Field Barn

Reasons for Designation

Oval barrows are funerary and ceremonial monuments of the Early to Middle Neolithic periods, with the majority of dated monuments belonging to the later part of the range. They were constructed as earthen or rubble mounds of roughly elliptical plan, usually delimited by quarry ditches. These ditches can vary from paired "banana-shaped" ditches flanking the mound to "U-shaped" or unbroken oval ditches nearly or wholly encircling it. Along with the long barrows, oval barrows represent the burial places of Britain's early farming communities and, as such, are amongst the oldest field monuments surviving visibly in the present landscape. Where investigated, oval barrows have produced two distinct types of burial rite: communal burials of groups of individuals, including adults and children, laid directly on the ground surface before the barrow was built; and burials of one or two adults interred in a grave pit centrally placed beneath the barrow mound. Certain sites provide evidence for several phases of funerary monument preceding the barrow and, consequently, it is probable that they may have acted as important ritual sites for local communities over a considerable period of time. Similarly, as the filling of the ditches around oval barrows often contains deliberately placed deposits of pottery, flintwork and bone, periodic ceremonial activity may have taken place at the barrow subsequent to its construction. Oval barrows are very rare nationally, with less than 50 recorded examples in England. As one of the few types of Neolithic structure to survive as earthworks, and due to their rarity, their considerable age and their longevity as a monument type, all oval barrows are considered to be nationally important.

The oval barrow on Keysley Down, 1040m NNE of Chapel Field Barn is, despite some erosion caused by cultivation, a comparatively well preserved example of its class. It exhibits a largely original profile and will include archaeological remains containing information about Neolithic beliefs, economy and environment.

Details

The monument includes an oval barrow lying immediately below the crest of a chalk ridge 1040m NNE of Chapel Field Barn. The barrow includes a mound, aligned almost precisely east-west, which is 33m long, a maximum of 22m wide and reaches a maximum height of 1.6m at its western end. Traces of a ditch approximately 5m wide can be seen flanking the southern side of the mound and around its eastern end. The ditch on the northern side of the mound has become infilled but will survive as a buried feature. All marker posts are excluded from the scheduling although the ground beneath these features is included.

MAP EXTRACT The site of the monument is shown on the attached map extract. It includes a 2 metre boundary around the archaeological features, considered to be essential for the monument's support and preservation.

Legacy

The contents of this record have been generated from a legacy data system.

Legacy System number:

26813

Legacy System:

RSM

Sources

Books and journals
Hoare, R C, Ancient History of Wiltshire, (1812), 48-49

End of official list entry

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