Churchyard cross in All Saints' churchyard

Reasons for Designation

A standing cross is a free standing upright structure, usually of stone, mostly erected during the medieval period (mid 10th to mid 16th centuries AD). Standing crosses served a variety of functions. In churchyards they served as stations for outdoor processions, particularly in the observance of Palm Sunday. Elsewhere, standing crosses were used within settlements as places for preaching, public proclamation and penance, as well as defining rights of sanctuary. Standing crosses were also employed to mark boundaries between parishes, property, or settlements. A few crosses were erected to commemorate battles. Some crosses were linked to particular saints, whose support and protection their presence would have helped to invoke. Crosses in market places may have helped to validate transactions. After the Reformation, some crosses continued in use as foci for municipal or borough ceremonies, for example as places for official proclamations and announcements; some were the scenes of games or recreational activity. Standing crosses were distributed throughout England and are thought to have numbered in excess of 12,000. However, their survival since the Reformation has been variable, being much affected by local conditions, attitudes and religious sentiment. In particular, many cross-heads were destroyed by iconoclasts during the 16th and 17th centuries. Less than 2,000 medieval standing crosses, with or without cross-heads, are now thought to exist. The oldest and most basic form of standing cross is the monolith, a stone shaft often set directly in the ground without a base. The most common form is the stepped cross, in which the shaft is set in a socket stone and raised upon a flight of steps; this type of cross remained current from the 11th to 12th centuries until after the Reformation. Where the cross-head survives it may take a variety of forms, from a lantern-like structure to a crucifix; the more elaborate examples date from the 15th century. Much less common than stepped crosses are spire-shaped crosses, often composed of three or four receding stages with elaborate architectural decoration and/or sculptured figures; the most famous of these include the Eleanor crosses, erected by Edward I at the stopping places of the funeral cortege of his wife, who died in 1290. Also uncommon are the preaching crosses which were built in public places from the 13th century, typically in the cemeteries of religious communities and cathedrals, market places and wide thoroughfares; they include a stepped base, buttresses supporting a vaulted canopy, in turn carrying either a shaft and head or a pinnacled spire. Standing crosses contribute significantly to our understanding of medieval customs, both secular and religious, and to our knowledge of medieval parishes and settlement patterns. All crosses which survive as standing monuments, especially those which stand in or near their original location, are considered worthy of protection.

The churchyard cross in All Saints' churchyard represents a good example of a medieval standing cross marking a graveyard. Situated to the NNW of the north porch it is believed to stand in or near its original position. Limited activity in the area immediately surrounding the cross indicates that archaeological deposits relating to the monument's construction in this location will survive intact. The cross has not been restored and has continued in use as a public monument and amenity from medieval times to the present day.

Details

The monument includes a standing stone cross located within the churchyard of All Saints' Church, approximately 10m NNW of the north porch. The cross, which is Listed Grade II, is of medieval and later date, and includes a gravel plinth, a socket stone and part of a shaft. The socket stone is approximately 0.8m square and 0.35m high with stepped corner mouldings. Set into the centre of the socket is a stone shaft, 0.35m high, of square section. The full surviving height of the cross is approximately 0.7m. The socket stone and cross shaft are placed upon a modern gravel plinth with kerb retainers. The grave stone which lies immediately to the west of the cross and the surface of the tarmac pathway immediately to the east are excluded from the scheduling, although the ground beneath them is included.

MAP EXTRACT The site of the monument is shown on the attached map extract. It includes a 1 metre boundary around the archaeological features, considered to be essential for the monument's support and preservation.

Legacy

The contents of this record have been generated from a legacy data system.

Legacy System number:

30226

Legacy System:

RSM

Sources

Books and journals
Nichols, J, The History and Antiquities of the County of Leicester, (1805)

Other
RCHME, NMR Long Report: SP 59 SE 12,
Listing Report: SP 59 SE - 4/46,
Leicestershire County Council, 59 SE.AE,

End of official list entry

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