Lamp post outside 11 Lord North Street

Lamp post outside 11 Lord North Street, London, SW1P 3LA

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Overview

A gas street light comprising a Brompton-type column, erected by 1914, with a Rochester-type lantern installed probably around 1930. Read the official list entry to find out more.

Heritage Category:: Listed Building
Grade:: II
List Entry Number:: 1491057
Date first listed:: 10-Oct-2024
List Entry Name:: Lamp post outside 11 Lord North Street
Statutory Address:: Lamp post outside 11 Lord North Street, London, SW1P 3LA

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Official list entry

Heritage Category:: Listed Building
Grade:: II
List Entry Number:: 1491057
Date first listed:: 10-Oct-2024
List Entry Name:: Lamp post outside 11 Lord North Street
Statutory Address 1:: Lamp post outside 11 Lord North Street, London, SW1P 3LA

This List entry helps identify the building designated at this address for its special architectural or historic interest.

Unless the List entry states otherwise, it includes both the structure itself and any object or structure fixed to it (whether inside or outside) as well as any object or structure within the curtilage of the building.

For these purposes, to be included within the curtilage of the building, the object or structure must have formed part of the land since before 1st July 1948.

Understanding list entries

Corrections and minor amendments

This List entry helps identify the building designated at this address for its special architectural or historic interest.

For these purposes, to be included within the curtilage of the building, the object or structure must have formed part of the land since before 1st July 1948.

Understanding list entries

Corrections and minor amendments

Location

Statutory Address:: Lamp post outside 11 Lord North Street, London, SW1P 3LA

The building or site itself may lie within the boundary of more than one authority.

County:: Greater London Authority
District:: City of Westminster (London Borough)
Parish:: Non Civil Parish
National Grid Reference:: TQ3011079155

Summary

A gas street light comprising a Brompton-type column, erected by 1914, with a Rochester-type lantern installed probably around 1930.

Reasons for Designation

The lamp post outside 11 Lord North Street, probably dating from the late C19 and early C20, is listed at Grade II for the following principal reasons:

Architectural interest:

* for the well-crafted, decorative column in cast iron, which is a good example of historic street furniture; * for the design of the Rochester-style lantern, a popular and enduring style of lantern.

Historic interest:

* as a good example of a historic gas lamp post probably dating from the late C19 and early C20.

Group value:

* as part of an adjacent set of historic lamp posts on Lord North Street and Tufton Street and a wider group across other key streets within the Smith Square area.

History

Gas street lighting first appeared in London in June 1807 when Frederick Albert Winsor gave a public demonstration of gas lights in Pall Mall. The expansion of the railways coinciding with the development of urban gas works in the 1840s facilitated the proliferation of cast iron lamp posts with open-flame gas burners across the capital in the mid-C19. This feature of industrialisation was seen to contribute to London’s international standing and also facilitated the development of modern urban living, increasingly unconstrained by daylight hours.

Electric street lighting was introduced from the 1880s and the gas industry responded by making technological improvements to gas lights, principally the incandescent gas mantle in 1896. This significantly increased the efficacy of gas light, but it was not until the introduction of the inverted gas mantle in 1905 that gas street lights were really able to match the efficiency and brightness of the rival electric carbon filament lamps. In the 1920s and 1930s, many gas lamp posts in Westminster were upgraded with new lanterns fitted with inverted mantles. Gas remained an important source of power for street lighting as late as the mid-C20, and smaller numbers of lamps have continued to run on gas into the early C21.

The Smith Square area was laid out in the C18 and is named after Henry Smith who owned the land to the north. At the centre of Smith Square is St John’s Church, 1713-1728 designed by Thomas Archer. To the north, early C18 terraced houses are located on Lord North Street, Cowley Street and Barton Street. Great College Street includes a mixture of C18 houses and early C20 houses and offices. This pattern is also seen on Gayfere Street. Tufton Street includes early and mid-C20 offices. To the south, Dean Trench Street and Dean Bradley Street include examples of mid-C20 houses and offices. Neoclassical mid-C20 offices are also located on Dean Stanley Street. Together, the Smith Square area is a clear illustration of a unified C18 development punctuated by later C20 buildings.

A historic image indicates that in 1914, the lamp post on 11 Lord North Street was in situ but with a Windsor-type lantern. A later historic image indicates that it is probable that the position and configuration of the current lamp post outside 11 Lord North Street has not changed since at least 1966. The style of column is known as Brompton Parish, which are generally understood to date from the late C19. The extension shaft to the top of the column was added later to raise the height of the lantern and improve light distribution, possibly around 1930 when the present Upright Rochester lantern was installed to replace an earlier, outdated lantern. Rochester lanterns were the 'storm-proof' version of a series of lanterns introduced from the early C20 and went on to become one of the most popular designs of shadowless lanterns.

Details

A gas street light comprising a Brompton-type column, erected by 1914, with a Rochester-type lantern installed probably around 1930.

MATERIALS: cast iron lamp post with a glazed lantern of iron, spun copper and enamelled steel.

DESCRIPTION: the lamp post consists of a tapering ‘Brompton’ column with acanthus leaves at the base and top and topped with an extension shaft and an Upright Rochester lantern. The square base of the column has an oval plaque number 6526 on one side and on the other, the letters St I E W. The lantern has a circular drum and rain-shield of copper above an inverted, six-mantle burner in a teardrop-shaped glass enclosure with a drainage hole to its base an enamelled steel reflector. This whole assembly is suspended in an iron cradle with two curved uprights projecting from the clock box. These uprights retain some of their original decorative ironwork scrolls, which were typical of inter-war Rochester lanterns.

Sources

Books and journals
Bradley, S, Pevsner, N, The Buildings of England, London 6: Westminster, (2003), 717-719
Watson, I, Westminster and Pimlico Past, (1993), 42-43, 51-52

Legal

This building is listed under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 as amended for its special architectural or historic interest.