Round barrow cemetery at Heath Brow, Ewshot

Overview

Heritage Category: Scheduled Monument

List Entry Number: 1016891

Date first listed: 23-Nov-1967

Date of most recent amendment: 25-Nov-1999

Location

The building or site itself may lie within the boundary of more than one authority.

National Grid Reference: SU 82087 49378, SU 82168 49386, SU 82214 49313

Summary

Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.

Reasons for Designation

Round barrow cemeteries date to the Bronze Age (c.2000-700 BC). They comprise closely-spaced groups of up to 30 round barrows - rubble or earthen mounds covering single or multiple burials. Most cemeteries developed over a considerable period of time, often many centuries, and in some cases acted as a focus for burials as late as the early medieval period. They exhibit considerable diversity of burial rite, plan and form, frequently including several different types of round barrow, occasionally associated with earlier long barrows. Where large scale investigation has been undertaken around them, contemporary or later "flat" burials between the barrow mounds have often been revealed. Round barrow cemeteries occur across most of lowland Britain, with a marked concentration in Wessex. In some cases, they are clustered around other important contemporary monuments such as henges. Often occupying prominent locations, they are a major historic element in the modern landscape, whilst their diversity and their longevity as a monument type provide important information on the variety of beliefs and social organisation amongst early prehistoric communities. They are particularly representative of their period and a substantial proportion of surviving or partly-surviving examples are considered worthy of protection.

The round barrow cemetery at Heath Brow, Ewshot, survives comparatively well despite some disturbance caused by later excavation and its modern use for military defensive and training purposes. Examination of trenches caused by this disturbance has indicated that the monument retains archaeological and environmental evidence relating to the monument and the landscape in which it was constructed. The World War II pillbox located on the monument also survives well and retains archaeological potential. It forms part of a range of World War II anti-invasion defences, including roadblocks and anti-tank obstacles, most of which were constructed by the army's Home Forces over a short period in the summer of 1940 as a series of strategically positioned stop-lines aimed at hindering what was believed to be an imminent German invasion.

History

Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.

Details

The monument, which falls into three areas of protection, includes a round barrow cemetery of Late Neolithic or Bronze Age date situated at Heath Brow, Ewshot, centred 150m north east of the intersection of the A287 and the B3013 on Bricksbury Hill, a gravel and sand plateau which straddles the joint county boundary of Hampshire and Surrey. The monument is prominently located on a slight rise at the narrow, western end of the hill, around which the ground drops relatively steeply to the south, west and north east. Bricksbury Hill is also the site of earlier Mesolithic flintworking floors and later World War II pill boxes and anti-tank defences, some of which are included in the scheduling. Caesar's Camp Iron Age hillfort lies approximately 1.5km to the north east. The round barrow cemetery includes seven bowl barrows arranged in two alignments. The most prominent of these is a rough alignmemt of four closely spaced bowl barrows extending north-south for approximately 44m parallel to the B3013 (Beaconhill Road), which lies 40m to the west. The most northerly barrow of this group is the largest and includes a circular mound, 17m in diameter and 1.1m high. The remaining three barrows include circular mounds, ranging from 6.5m to 10m in diameter and from 0.7m to 1m in height. The second group includes three widely spaced bowl barrows arranged over a distance of 120m along a rough north west-south east alignment, 100m to the east. They include circular or slightly oval shaped mounds, ranging from 15m to 18m in diameter and raised 0.6m to 1.25m in height. None of the barrows in either alignment includes any trace of a surrounding ditch, although shallow quarry ditches from which material was obtained for the barrows' construction are likely to survive as buried features around each mound. Further elements of the round barrow cemetery, including flat graves and urnfields, are also likely to survive as buried features between the barrows. All of the barrows have been hollowed or cut as a result of later excavation and/or by modern military defensive structures and slit trenches. Examination of these trenches in 1976 indicated that most of the mounds were constructed of horizontal layers of turves intermixed with sand, which in two cases overlay well defined horizons of flint nodules, possibly earlier Mesolithic flintworking floors or low cairns over primary burials. Most seriously affected is the northern barrow of the western alignment where a World War II pillbox has been constructed in a pit set 1.2m into the centre of the mound. The pit has been excavated roughly to the original ground surface and spoil has been spread around the sides of the mound to a depth of 0.4m, widening the barrow approximately 2m all around. The trenches and pits cut through the remaining barrows were backfilled after a forest fire swept through the area in 1976. As a result, the profiles of the mounds were substantially altered, raising the height of most by between 0.2m and 0.4m, and creating a series of irregular humps and hollows in the surrounding ground. The pillbox located on the monument is a pentagonal brick and cement structure with a door on the north side. A concrete drain projects down the barrow slope to the south. It forms part of a series of World War II defensive structures on Bricksbury Hill which form part of an east-west stop-line intended to hinder invasion from the south coast. A radio mast erected on the pill box and Ministry of Defence stars and associated posts are excluded from the scheduling, although the pill box and ground beneath it is included. A second pillbox situated approximately 25m north of the monument is not included in the scheduling.

MAP EXTRACT The site of the monument is shown on the attached map extract. It includes a 2 metre boundary around the archaeological features, considered to be essential for the monument's support and preservation.

Legacy

The contents of this record have been generated from a legacy data system.

Legacy System number: 31177

Legacy System: RSM

Sources

Books and journals
Oakley, K P, Rankine, W F, Lowther, A W G, A Survey of the Prehistory of the Farnham District, (1939), 115ff
Grinsell, L V, 'Proceedings of the Hampshire Field Club' in Hampshire Barrows, , Vol. 14, (1940), 348
Grinsell, L V, 'Proceedings of the Hampshire Field Club' in Hampshire Barrows, , Vol. 14, (1938), 216
Riall, N, 'Hampshire Field Club Section Newsletter' in A Barrow Group at Heath Brow, Ewshott, Hampshire, , Vol. 3, (1985), 16-17
Riall, N, 'Hampshire Field Club Newsletter' in Notes from Aldershot, , Vol. 1, (1983), 5
Other
Aldershot Military Historical Trust Defence Line Survey,
Dobinson, Colin, Twentieth-century fortifications in England: the MPP approach, Monuments of war, (1998)

Legal

This monument is scheduled under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 as amended as it appears to the Secretary of State to be of national importance. This entry is a copy, the original is held by the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport.